我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living
& J- d0 k- I# q# Nstandard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went
' Y5 |3 I" C2 R$ P& don a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,
; c3 C/ Z# J/ D' d$ Y6 x"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give
, Z7 t1 Y- V D. T* M1 Manswers to our pointed questions.
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The racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,# C. U% {# p n
45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand5 D+ L* m2 @# O& G- e
out too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is
$ Y: _+ X7 M7 e' u- |) xfree all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams
3 m/ y* P* @5 c8 ?3 g3 `9 fto get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are
0 W* f" n# a& K* {! v! y. {medical schools.
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$ E! e B( k1 o6 }( KEvery university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the
8 f$ t6 W! Y, Z8 d8 @6 ~government before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants
2 D T% b: G* [3 A: Rto go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years7 P5 |2 I% `4 G- I0 g: v
assigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba
4 S. [! p) l0 h1 `is from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to" P* Q- c3 x/ x: m( d* L! `0 L
over $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There
+ p! |( ^* n4 S9 \6 x; t! ]seems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and6 q+ N3 G9 ~1 [& L
mostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk
4 S; ]+ A- f# E' j7 g0 K% q6 N5 Eshortage which the government is addressing by converting some9 b5 H6 P3 X- W. ]. Y: o& c/ B/ n% Y
sugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands.
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% }9 h! c' M, |6 P+ F4 cThe main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no
# H- Q7 Z* }+ G' Yprivate real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and* @8 ~5 V' k( {0 J i$ ]
supplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people
0 R$ S! |6 ~( p1 Q- \/ c# l' mhave to stay with their family even after they are married. The good
7 J4 M8 V9 a0 x1 H, sthing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby
/ A; k( ~2 a+ G. h/ r& r6 \1 y/ Z" Usitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high
- q* {; f/ A; M& a* Jdivorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years.
9 T6 B% ]# \4 g$ o- bDivorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When
4 @) ?3 `' p$ O' p: Xa lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only
1 Q, `7 \& y! v6 hcharge the fee defined by the state.
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" W* S5 l% W5 G8 H) NThere are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get
' [, E2 N& f- qon), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type
( n( U! N9 z: `" D3 Aof bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big' i$ W4 u' ]+ o4 T2 s; K! S
truck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel) j2 [( Z* A+ |! p4 u
seems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the% `$ G3 a* D! P4 w* Z
working class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on
) F8 B M# Z0 jschedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if; ?9 f+ M) G* Q6 @5 k* `( F
you ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people! _! t5 W+ r3 \% v: J
trying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch/ g: c# c2 _1 d I
hiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that
7 P8 r r0 y" V+ a B3 Ipeople have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want
! Y5 e) K% j/ P( `) zto go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or" l& L( M6 U. q4 ~% @5 p
buses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there
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There are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi% y& @7 Z/ O( z* D
to make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they1 u4 L) Y/ I; z4 b
own a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the
- J3 d. ?( b! u" K" [( s40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different
! T4 h5 X3 w4 o: L$ d6 aparts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the" Y! {) X: w# m7 G7 \
best and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few2 o% [7 @# a( e6 f
nice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of( l. {1 T( u* z( ]& z
car license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it' f! t5 y- y* D/ t+ e5 ]$ O. O2 {
is a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.
3 }, `1 Y9 N, E3 d" e2 B We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.