我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living
7 B0 x. H# `) p' Fstandard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went# G: j8 ^& i) c8 u+ g
on a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,7 ]3 s* Q1 S( K0 g
"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give$ y3 j% A! H6 r9 P8 f3 _
answers to our pointed questions.
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The racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,1 I+ u% H; o. Z! `1 t' v; W) H, y8 b
45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand
0 j6 t, t, W0 l$ ]9 x$ Tout too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is
. V( Z; Z- D/ h9 `free all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams! G) Y5 F! X. P9 }7 i7 K5 u' l8 O
to get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are
+ Q4 E8 b- C% I; Gmedical schools.( f. f- v- Z0 V/ I4 g' I/ j+ a5 n2 S
* p) ~5 K; u. ~( k- ^Every university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the
. d8 G( D& a. W0 ^* U* Y0 Cgovernment before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants
& C, S- S' x X- Cto go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years
. u! o/ K8 f! \assigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba
# y5 m0 P; T" d: D, ^8 C: V! w, u. yis from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to
4 J; P' V; z3 i! E3 Rover $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There: w- s& `: a S: ?
seems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and
+ j: ]7 e; w; ~: smostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk
% k7 g% Q& a4 @) E% t7 |( M8 ~% zshortage which the government is addressing by converting some
- G& S" ] Y6 M7 j2 T; `& s! Psugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands." G) Q. B: o' q9 L4 S4 B9 t
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The main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no
6 k( \! ?4 \9 K( d8 y3 ~3 u! ~8 E" Oprivate real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and8 w( i+ R9 `" W5 n6 _# [
supplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people
1 I: q6 g" z- `have to stay with their family even after they are married. The good
1 g5 Y9 E% t8 X7 Q+ t8 c( u1 lthing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby
" K2 a. l) }2 t. k% ^* q3 G- |sitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high; x7 y x* ~) \0 v* E9 h
divorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years.
6 V3 S, U% t7 T, ADivorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When
+ n' f5 c! q Z7 o( Ua lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only
# ?. D/ x6 v/ C) G. g- o) ocharge the fee defined by the state.
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# L }# v# z2 T4 V1 @# N' s& y- @There are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get
( Q6 Y5 A" q! j, ^- Z5 w# L( g9 Aon), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type
6 g: E4 K9 E+ ]of bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big
+ y3 C, }, `+ Q: E9 P# ]6 E1 a3 qtruck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel* t6 S0 t1 f% v3 A
seems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the
, R$ _' e( X dworking class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on* b/ I9 A: V$ U+ F4 v7 R
schedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if
0 A. O+ V# P6 {% xyou ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people* |: U- i, F4 n+ }
trying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch
% I7 W# D& F' R2 {4 Rhiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that; w- |" L* z/ s2 q: J' {; G7 J
people have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want+ r+ W, c+ i/ V( D
to go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or0 Z0 H8 @2 l* a6 b, `1 E
buses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there( H+ ]; Z7 K0 q# z
are spaces.
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There are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi
: q) r5 M) M' v; Y Gto make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they
0 E2 b3 ?* {8 u5 H ]/ F4 zown a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the
& \# t# W& ^, F. N% H( h j40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different0 O/ H- m' i/ m' F
parts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the
: F6 l0 @; Z% L; h' t- b* A) fbest and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few3 G0 W( Q8 D2 Z) U( D
nice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of# R& H* d+ V4 U' Y" g% L
car license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it- M' [- G* L3 |- U$ W/ H/ O( G+ `) f. x
is a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned." ]0 b# Q0 h6 A9 l% J
We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.