snowdj

http://www.canadameet.com/bbs/showthread.php?t=356283

作者：Lumiere

发此贴，是缘于收到好几个PM，问询关于学徒制工作......

在万般皆下 品，唯有读书高的儒家思想的影响下，新移民总摆脱不了这样的观念：“劳心者治人，劳力者治于人”，登陆后找工作的目标似乎从来没有偏离过Office，许多人登陆后，夜夜潜心找 机会，天天依据加国职业要求修改个人简历，但其结果往往是石沉大海，有去无回。

现实是残酷的， 作 为移民，语言不够好，职业经历是海外的，要在自己固有的行业求职，何其难也。如果能够换种思维方式，其实机遇就在身边......。




在加拿大， 技工行业 （Skilled Trades）工作对经济发展和社会进步意义重大。技工行业工作基本上涵盖了我们生活的方方面面：从我们的住房，到我们出行坐的汽车飞机轮船；从我们每天享用的各种美食，到让我们享受冬暖夏凉的各种设施……。
加拿大的社会进步和经济发展离不开专业技术工作；专业技术工作需要训练有素的专业人士来完成。

Skilled trades 专业技工影响着我们日常生活的方方面面。主要包含以下领域：

• 建筑，维修

•交通业

• 制造业

• 服务业

多达200多个工种可供挑选!

__________________


一旦作为技工学徒入行，即可获得就业培训机会： on-the-job training 和 in-school learning。并且在每个级别的在校培训期间都可以享受 培训类 EI，让你学习无忧。

GOOD PAY. Earn while you learn




一经完成所作工种的规定工时 workplace hours 和所有级别在校职业培训并通过全国的专业资格考试，即可申领 certificate of qualification，完成从 apprentice 到 journeyperson 的蜕变。当然，最直接的反应就是会得到雇主的加薪

专业技工，无论是学徒还是熟手的薪资总体来说，比其它工作高，并且加薪频度和幅度基本是固定的（按级别来定）。譬如以我从事的 plumbing 为例，一个完全没有任何工作经验的人，只要入行，起薪通常是每小时$12，也有的是$14或$15。只要上完第一年的学，就视为二年级的学徒，通常会很快获得加薪变成变成至少$16，可以跟老板直接提加薪，也可以通过跳槽实现这个目标。上完二年级的学，累计够一定工时，又会获得加薪；三年级一样，四年级同理。上完四年级的学，累计的工时也差不太多了，可以视为准 journeyperson，工资通常不会少于$26。工作比较稳定，薪酬也不低，还是不错的。

学徒期满后，通过规定的考试，成为 journeyperson 后，如果想开创自己的business，机会还是很多的。当然，

Your SUCCESS will depend on
GOOD WORK ETHIC, QUALITY SKILLS,
and a GREAT ATTITUDE…

snowdj

接续二


ndustry Training Authority。主管BC省的所有技工行业工作。
Apprenticeship and Red Seal Program Listings

可以点击查看详情。


Aggregate Plant Operator
Agricultural Equipment Technician "Red Seal"
Aircraft Maintenance Technician
Aircraft Structural Technician
Appliance Service Technician "Red Seal"
Arboriculturist (Urban Forestry)
Architectural Sheet Metal Worker
Asphalt Paving/Laydown
Asphalt Plant Operator
Automatic Transmission Service Technician
Automotive Glass Technician
Automotive Machinist
Automotive Painter (Automotive Refinishing Technician) "Red Seal"
Automotive Radiator Manufacturer and Repairer
Automotive Refinishing Prep Technician
Automotive Service Advisor
Automotive Service Technician "Red Seal"
Automotive Service Technician 1
Automotive Service Technician 2
Automotive Upholsterer
Automotive Wheel Alignment and Brake Service Technician
Baker "Red Seal"
Barber
Boilermaker (Construction Boilermaker) "Red Seal"
Boom Truck Operator - Folding Boom Unlimited tonnage
Boom Truck Operator - Stiff Boom Unlimited tonnage
Bricklayer (Mason) "Red Seal"
Building Envelope Technician
Cabinet Maker (Joiner) "Red Seal"
Cable Splicer
Carpenter "Red Seal"
Communication Technician
Community Antenna Television Technician
Concrete Finisher (Cement Mason) "Red Seal"
Concrete Plant Operator
Construction Formwork Technician
Cook see Professional Cook
Dairy Production Technician
Diesel Engine Mechanic
Diesel Fuel Injection Mechanic
Domestic/Commercial Gasfitter
Drywall Finisher
Electric Motor Systems Technician (Winder Electrician) "Red Seal"
Electrician, Construction "Red Seal"
Electrician, Industrial "Red Seal"
Electronics Communications Technician
Electronics Technician
Electronics Technician (Consumer Products) "Red Seal"
Electro-Plater
Elevator Mechanic
Embalmer & Funeral Director
Floor Covering Installer "Red Seal"
Florist
Forklift Mechanic
Funeral Director
Gasfitter - (Class A)
Geothermal Technician
Glazier "Red Seal"
Graphic Arts - Bookbinder 1
Graphic Arts - Litho Pressperson (Web, Sheet Fed, Rotary & Gravure)
Hairstylist (Cosmetologist)
Hardwood Floorlayer
Heating Technician
Heavy Duty Equipment Technician (Mechanic) "Red Seal"
Heavy Equipment Operator
Hydraulic Service Mechanic
Inboard/Outboard Mechanic
Industrial Engines and Equipment Partsperson
Instrumentation and Control Technician (Industrial Instrument Mechanic) "Red Seal"
Industrial Mechanic (Millwright) "Red Seal"
Industrial Warehouseperson
Insulator (Heat and Frost) (Heat and Frost Insulator) "Red Seal"
Ironworker Generalist (Ironworker) "Red Seal"
Ironworker - Reinforcing "Red Seal"
Landscape Horticulturist "Red Seal" Pending
Lather (Interior Systems Mechanic) (Wall and Ceiling Installer) "Red Seal"
Locksmith
Log Builder
Logistics and Distribution Person 2
Logistics and Distribution Person 3
Lumber Manufacturing Industry - Benchperson
Lumber Manufacturing Industry - Circular Sawfiler
Lumber Manufacturing Industry - Sawfitter
Machinist "Red Seal"
Marine Engine Mechanic
Marine Mechanical Technician
Marine Repair Technician
Meatcutter
Metal Fabricator (Fitter) "Red Seal"
Meter Technician
Mobile Crane Operator - Hydraulic 80 tonnes and under
Mobile Crane Operator - Hydraulic Unlimited tonnage
Mobile Crane Operator - Lattice Boom Hydraulic Crane "Red Seal"
Mobile Crane Operator - Lattice Boom Friction Crane "Red Seal"
Motion Picture & Theatre - Grip
Motion Picture & Theatre - Set Dresser
Motor Vehicle Body Repairer (Metal & Paint) (Automotive Collision Repair Technician) "Red Seal"
Motorcycle Mechanic "Red Seal"
Moulder and Coremaker
Oil Burner Mechanic (Residential) "Red Seal"
Outdoor Power Equipment Technician
Painter and Decorator "Red Seal"
Parts and Warehousing Person 1
Partsperson 2
Partsperson (Partsperson 3) "Red Seal"
Piledriver and Bridgeworker
Planermill Maintenance Technician 1
Planermill Maintenance Technician 2
Plasterer
Plumber "Red Seal"
Power Line Technician "Red Seal"
Production Horticulturist
Professional Cook 1
Professional Cook 2
Cook (Professional Cook 3) "Red Seal"
Railway Car Technician
Recreation Vehicle Service Technician "Red Seal"
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Mechanic (Refrigeration Mechanic) "Red Seal"
Reinforcing Steel Installer
Residential Building Maintenance Worker
Residential Construction Framing Technician
Residential Steep Roofer
Rig Technician "Red Seal"
Roofer "Red Seal"
Security Alarm Installer
Sheet Metal Worker "Red Seal"
Sprinkler System Installer "Red Seal"
Steamfitter / Pipefitter "Red Seal"
Telecontrol Technologist
Tilesetter "Red Seal"
Tire Repairer
Tool and Die Maker "Red Seal"
Tower Crane Operator
Transport Refrigeration Mechanic
Transport Trailer Technician (Commercial Trailer Mechanic) "Red Seal"
Truck and Transport Mechanic(Commercial Transport Vehicle Mechanic) "Red Seal"
Utility Arborist
Water Well Driller
Welder (Welder Level A or Welder Level B) "Red Seal"
Welder Level C

snowdj

http://www.itabc.ca/Page496.aspx


Apprenticeship and Red Seal Program Listings
Click below for program information:

Aggregate Plant Operator
Agricultural Equipment Technician "Red Seal"
Aircraft Maintenance Technician
Aircraft Structural Technician
Appliance Service Technician "Red Seal"
Arboriculturist (Urban Forestry)
Architectural Sheet Metal Worker
Asphalt Paving/Laydown
Asphalt Plant Operator
Automatic Transmission Service Technician
Automotive Glass Technician
Automotive Machinist
Automotive Painter (Automotive Refinishing Technician) "Red Seal"
Automotive Radiator Manufacturer and Repairer
Automotive Refinishing Prep Technician
Automotive Service Advisor
Automotive Service Technician "Red Seal"
Automotive Service Technician 1
Automotive Service Technician 2
Automotive Upholsterer
Automotive Wheel Alignment and Brake Service Technician
Baker "Red Seal"
Barber
Boilermaker (Construction Boilermaker) "Red Seal"
Boom Truck Operator - Folding Boom Unlimited tonnage
Boom Truck Operator - Stiff Boom Unlimited tonnage
Bricklayer (Mason) "Red Seal"
Building Envelope Technician
Cabinet Maker (Joiner) "Red Seal"
Cable Splicer
Carpenter "Red Seal"
Communication Technician
Community Antenna Television Technician
Concrete Finisher (Cement Mason) "Red Seal"
Concrete Plant Operator
Construction Formwork Technician
Cook see Professional Cook
Dairy Production Technician
Diesel Engine Mechanic
Diesel Fuel Injection Mechanic
Domestic/Commercial Gasfitter
Drywall Finisher
Electric Motor Systems Technician (Winder Electrician) "Red Seal"
Electrician, Construction "Red Seal"
Electrician, Industrial "Red Seal"
Electronics Communications Technician
Electronics Technician
Electronics Technician (Consumer Products) "Red Seal"
Electro-Plater
Elevator Mechanic
Embalmer & Funeral Director
Floor Covering Installer "Red Seal"
Florist
Forklift Mechanic
Funeral Director
Gasfitter - (Class A)
Geothermal Technician
Glazier "Red Seal"
Graphic Arts - Bookbinder 1
Graphic Arts - Litho Pressperson (Web, Sheet Fed, Rotary & Gravure)
Hairstylist (Cosmetologist)
Hardwood Floorlayer
Heating Technician
Heavy Duty Equipment Technician (Mechanic) "Red Seal"
Heavy Equipment Operator
Hydraulic Service Mechanic
Inboard/Outboard Mechanic
Industrial Engines and Equipment Partsperson
Instrumentation and Control Technician (Industrial Instrument Mechanic) "Red Seal"
Industrial Mechanic (Millwright) "Red Seal"
Industrial Warehouseperson
Insulator (Heat and Frost) (Heat and Frost Insulator) "Red Seal"
Ironworker Generalist (Ironworker) "Red Seal"
Ironworker - Reinforcing "Red Seal"
Landscape Horticulturist "Red Seal" Pending
Lather (Interior Systems Mechanic) (Wall and Ceiling Installer) "Red Seal"
Locksmith
Log Builder
Logistics and Distribution Person 2
Logistics and Distribution Person 3
Lumber Manufacturing Industry - Benchperson
Lumber Manufacturing Industry - Circular Sawfiler
Lumber Manufacturing Industry - Sawfitter
Machinist "Red Seal"
Marine Engine Mechanic
Marine Mechanical Technician
Marine Repair Technician
Meatcutter
Metal Fabricator (Fitter) "Red Seal"
Meter Technician
Mobile Crane Operator - Hydraulic 80 tonnes and under
Mobile Crane Operator - Hydraulic Unlimited tonnage
Mobile Crane Operator - Lattice Boom Hydraulic Crane "Red Seal"
Mobile Crane Operator - Lattice Boom Friction Crane "Red Seal"
Motion Picture & Theatre - Grip
Motion Picture & Theatre - Set Dresser
Motor Vehicle Body Repairer (Metal & Paint) (Automotive Collision Repair Technician) "Red Seal"
Motorcycle Mechanic "Red Seal"
Moulder and Coremaker
Oil Burner Mechanic (Residential) "Red Seal"
Outdoor Power Equipment Technician
Painter and Decorator "Red Seal"
Parts and Warehousing Person 1
Partsperson 2
Partsperson (Partsperson 3) "Red Seal"
Piledriver and Bridgeworker
Planermill Maintenance Technician 1
Planermill Maintenance Technician 2
Plasterer
Plumber "Red Seal"
Power Line Technician "Red Seal"
Production Horticulturist
Professional Cook 1
Professional Cook 2
Cook (Professional Cook 3) "Red Seal"
Railway Car Technician
Recreation Vehicle Service Technician "Red Seal"
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Mechanic (Refrigeration Mechanic) "Red Seal"
Reinforcing Steel Installer
Residential Building Maintenance Worker
Residential Construction Framing Technician
Residential Steep Roofer
Rig Technician  "Red Seal"
Roofer "Red Seal"
Security Alarm Installer
Sheet Metal Worker "Red Seal"
Sprinkler System Installer "Red Seal"
Steamfitter / Pipefitter "Red Seal"
Telecontrol Technologist
Tilesetter "Red Seal"
Tire Repairer
Tool and Die Maker "Red Seal"
Tower Crane Operator
Transport Refrigeration Mechanic
Transport Trailer Technician (Commercial Trailer Mechanic) "Red Seal"
Truck and Transport Mechanic(Commercial Transport Vehicle Mechanic) "Red Seal"
Utility Arborist
Water Well Driller
Welder (Welder Level A or Welder Level B) "Red Seal"
Welder Level C

snowdj

接续三

在以前别人的铸铁里，偶提到过：通常走这条路有两个途径：先做，后上学；另外一条路是，先上学，后做。总体来说，第一条路好过第二条。但难度更大。偶当年算幸运，稀里糊涂走了第一条路。

最现实的问题是学费。如果先做，后上学，学费较先上学，后做要便宜很多。譬如，偶是先做，再上学，第一年学费只需要600多700不到。但如果没有先到ITA注册，自费上学后再找单位的话，学费至少三千多第一年。有单位sponsor你后（倒不是说单位资助你），接下来的学费也就便宜了。

第一年学习六周，拿到四周的EI，由于当时工资较低，所以EI共计一千不到。

第二和第三年的学习还是各六周，学费还是六百多七百不到，由于偶一年级有了两周的候补期，偶选择的学习是BACK 2 BACK，所以两个六周全拿到EI，每两周有一千五百不到。

出来就算四年级的人了，跳槽到一家承建奥运村两个大 building的 plumging 和 heating 的公司，上班去都没有被问到要求薪资多少，工作两周后pay check, 时薪24 。在奥运村项目里，我有机会接触到了目前世界上最cool、最先进、最环保、最舒适的 heating 和 cooling 系统。

上第四年级八周课程，学费九百多以前不到，EI差不多每两周九百差一点儿。

感觉先做满一定量的工时，再考虑上学，各级别安排得紧凑些，对EI有利。

前面偶说过，走Skilled trades 路线有两个途径：先干或先学。

先干还是先学，取决于每个人的运气，取决于有没有公司特缺人，不计较你没有相关经验。先干的话，通常在你干了九百个小时以后，也就是半年左右，你可以要求老板给你到ITA（BC省就是这个机构，加国其他省份也有类似的主管部门）注册（当然你所在的单位必须也是ITA有备案的，也就是专业的 skilled trades 类型的单位，而不是不管三七二十一啥都干的公司），获得ITA的注册后，就可以到被ITA认可的公立院校譬如BCIT或者是一些私校报名参加 apprenticeship training，由于你已经有了足够的时间，在此学习的六周里，你可以拿到培训类EI。在校的培训学费通常是自己出，但也有老板愿意给学徒掏钱的。

如果是先学的话，学费往往不是六百多一个级别，而是好几千，并且学时更长，或半年，或九个月不等。然后学校会给你一个CERTIFICATE表示你完成了第一个级别的学习，然后你可以凭此证书找专业的单位，经济形势好的时候，很容易找到的，但现在不太景气，就不知道如何了。有了工作单位接收，你就正是成为第一年学徒了，然后可以尽早跟老板要求跟ITA备案学徒workplace hours注册，这个很重要，因为ITA最后是以老板给你报的所有工时来决定你何时可以申领你的journeyman证书。

想请问LZ学习的语言要求有多高？
英语要求十二年级，数学和科学十年级或十一年级就可以了。

除了英文，对普通中国移民来说不难。但如果英文水平一般，那就要下很大的功夫了，学校的各级别考试尚且过得去，但那个最后考 licence 的全国 InterProvincial Exam的通过率是不高的。

偶去年考的时候，据老师说，前一个班16个人，有7个没过。偶在的那个班也是16个，至少偶知道的就有2个没有通过GAS EXAM（plumbing专业最后一级别的学习头六周是燃气内容和部分电内容，第六个星期五考燃气牌照考试，一般在ＩＰ考试前就知道燃气考试结果了），最后两周复习前三年的plumbing内容和一些新课程，内容很多，偶记得大考前一天都还在讲新课，第八个星期五考plumbing IP exam.

据说电工牌照没有那么难。但英文还是很重要的。个人觉得在西人公司虽然好过华人公司不少，但如果英文烂还是容易受到一些不礼貌的待遇，但凡裁员，语言不好技术又很一般的员工是第一波。

白人考不到牌，是因为数学不好；华人考不过，是英文不够，时间紧，题目长且ｗｏｒｄｉｎｇ非常ｔｒｉｃｋｙ。

目前偶知道考过的，一个上海哥们一次ＦＡＩＬ，再而ＦＡＩＬ，三而捷，一个台湾哥们和偶是一次成功。其他的华人兄弟（土生仔和移民）都挂了


结合自己的实际情况，选择自己喜欢的职业，在ＢＣ省的话，可以致电　Ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ　Ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ　Ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｙ　的客服１－８６６－６６０－６０１１或７７８－３２８－８７００询问详情。

snowdj

到哪里去申请 skilled trades 培训呢
可以先跟 ITA 咨询，也可以跟一些培训机构譬如BCIT等联系。这里有个网站很实用，可以先作了解

http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/careers/planning/


http://www.educationplanner.ca/

参见里面的 Apprenticeship Programs，有225个课程供挑选。

关于 The InterProvincial Standards (Red Seal) Program

加拿大省级标准（红色印章）项目设立的主要目的是促进该专业资质证书持有人能够在加国范围内具备更大的自由机动性。该计划的实施，允许合格的技术人员凭某个省的主管机构颁发资质证书，在不需要再次考试拿资质的情况下，自由地在另外一个省从事相关工作。到目前为止，加拿大全国范围内，共计有49个工种被纳入该省级标准（红色印章）计划，占所有学徒制技术工种的88%以上，涵盖了所有技术性工种的80%。(Service Canada)


The Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship (CCDA) 负责加拿大省级标准（红色印章）项目以及其它相关事务的管理工作。


Benefits of obtaining a Red Seal endorsement:
1. Your trade certification is recognized in other provinces/territories when seeking work elsewhere in Canada.
2. A Red Seal on your journeyperson certificate* confirms that you have achieved a nationally recognized level of competency in your trade.
3. It qualifies you to seek work in other provinces and territories.
(Human Resources and Skills Development Canada)

lshw

第三年，和第四年还可以申请政府的退税呢。好像还有奖学金阿。