我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living+ s$ q' D( j! I8 |$ e: o
standard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went6 K. n# u2 p" i& g
on a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,
3 q5 ^: I& ?, R& j5 ]8 v; Q: _"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give" z! E! \3 I. b- {/ }
answers to our pointed questions. q6 m: `9 J0 }: ^0 a, t% j
5 D0 P/ s* k. G. Q, G1 c! X3 HThe racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,! P8 g+ x" H2 a3 L9 G% ~& e5 z4 M
45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand
+ r) K t d0 p% e0 P# cout too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is+ K2 k* ?0 l* T
free all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams
: l- v0 [2 U) _4 ? W0 w, Hto get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are; z, [ d9 l9 F7 v& p& v
medical schools.
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Every university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the
9 O: t( R4 {+ F# Cgovernment before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants
2 V8 H, P4 U5 c" p" vto go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years
3 {. W5 @# w A7 F c. z0 \; }0 ?# Tassigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba7 C% z* c* Z; I3 T$ b0 G8 g9 n
is from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to
4 }. P% K( E/ H( h7 M! m, p+ aover $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There
8 x$ x5 K# d, q2 V, Iseems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and
' u, u, [+ R& r7 M4 B6 r7 X1 u( l8 e0 Amostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk& v/ _" }9 l6 B0 Q
shortage which the government is addressing by converting some
8 u2 B% H8 @) x1 G# Psugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands.
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; Z6 F v7 m6 E( @7 e5 F9 l' ?' nThe main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no
; G, l) `5 F1 R, vprivate real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and/ A- t8 R( B5 ]; m. L3 L
supplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people
, V0 D# z2 u- Khave to stay with their family even after they are married. The good0 @, `8 |- S1 d: b# C6 X# _5 \6 R
thing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby
6 h7 h! t% a; O& [% O2 ]. Fsitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high
5 V0 L' e* q4 bdivorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years.
# S6 E3 {( Z& Y) j& @4 C* `Divorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When
/ ]) k) S! U) Q& I& J* ga lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only7 S _4 f/ h& n" G7 ~# A K$ k
charge the fee defined by the state.8 N( e$ ]5 Q( P( l7 Y
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There are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get
j- w I! @' ?6 w6 Gon), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type* n6 K; `" Q# T4 H
of bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big
5 Z. P6 c* h+ C2 U5 Z- W- Q7 otruck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel
. v L0 J# ?+ ?, G: e5 E+ y, Zseems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the5 z! A4 S9 _1 M6 x4 b
working class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on: a* P: Z+ Z8 p3 ?
schedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if' u& }! I6 f% }$ b9 O- T0 e
you ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people
& E; N) _! |+ T% t/ [trying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch/ P9 M; d4 g( ?1 X8 q# N9 m- d* r
hiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that
1 S/ @, K' d& }& H2 opeople have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want
8 p" l3 i! f+ d5 w( N- n$ \# F- J0 |to go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or
5 G9 |9 V; V+ L, Mbuses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there
( ?/ p% b% x% J, G- eare spaces.
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- y0 K) ^6 Y) M, K. s. E3 oThere are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi
# E- C$ f6 s6 Fto make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they6 ]. h( W' ^6 o o
own a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the( K& Q0 g/ k; p
40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different" e! `# ]; d1 k7 c
parts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the
. Y) D: b( ^# M9 H3 [: b) Lbest and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few
3 O$ k' h- m, m* @" Tnice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of/ e1 i. x% g9 V" r
car license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it% R" Z, |8 J( e h5 a* D
is a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.7 D i% R3 G9 L( H* `* ] f
We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.