我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living
& e# b1 J @$ v5 l1 gstandard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went
% g: X+ G$ \( C& p I5 T- S( L# ^on a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,
2 t. b4 b/ E, R- A1 c" m"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give. N8 ^( I* r5 i: H! `$ R! b
answers to our pointed questions.) I1 j1 u+ Z; w( z7 ^: J4 t9 Q5 e
7 D0 o% d% R/ x: ZThe racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,* s6 y/ @& l7 e0 L
45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand0 I4 h( j. m( }) q! q. i% O* e
out too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is
2 k* ~8 l# l7 [6 Wfree all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams
- N% R- P" Q* E: {. p1 pto get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are, e" j9 S) j: y+ u
medical schools.9 w6 Z% V8 T, ]1 V1 Q1 ]& B
: z! a" F: X9 N! gEvery university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the
( n5 q8 W* I+ ^7 cgovernment before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants
2 H5 V& z! y# ?( Eto go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years
; W/ R6 a$ F* [7 r7 ^+ Q/ q" }4 Tassigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba
* O* ?: k z, B) h2 M7 fis from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to
( L9 W( b/ S7 e7 R( S9 @* M/ I' Qover $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There
3 V+ U( C) U# p; X' \1 f0 Hseems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and( ^3 L% L7 i* w! l2 W6 J
mostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk
1 M8 k4 C6 f( U( Oshortage which the government is addressing by converting some% y4 o' c# X9 E h: t. A
sugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands.
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+ T, s+ c* k$ d L" ]- A; SThe main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no6 J' v5 J `& ]3 e0 N
private real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and; H" y: N# U0 _; b' P5 U0 d' I
supplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people! V8 i8 ]8 X, _' I" J& S( F
have to stay with their family even after they are married. The good+ w" Z, }8 C# ~
thing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby3 \( T7 J: X2 x) T- S
sitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high t8 z$ V9 K( b0 {- \$ C* X
divorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years.8 ~; r- `- ^; o9 r
Divorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When
2 m( L# i( s# X3 L4 }a lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only
: s. j2 }! k1 n$ f+ N* R' Acharge the fee defined by the state.
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2 {3 d! v+ B5 K9 h0 `' C* TThere are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get% c: F+ ?7 a6 ?" b& G
on), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type
0 r( Q8 @, a0 G; z0 W" x* Eof bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big/ m" R2 Q L& G' I
truck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel
) w4 U0 a& Z9 j7 Bseems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the! O" E& I3 F3 I' N( L z# B( f2 X
working class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on0 Z/ E0 L3 M6 n
schedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if4 _ |, T( i. M# t
you ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people
" e* e- [- B5 E* ftrying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch, E/ X# C$ b0 g4 q+ X- n5 ^3 q/ k
hiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that
5 C5 w$ T5 i* }# V0 ]people have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want
3 d& S/ x. z' s' Jto go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or1 T Z1 { Y8 A% u( _% f# S9 U" C
buses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there- T2 c, x) R! j" j
are spaces.
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There are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi
9 `2 Z2 p: Q; V; I% g: [to make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they# q- n3 \0 f" p- D; w
own a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the6 o3 h+ K& V8 T6 \" Q9 b8 m7 x
40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different
! _4 e# F: G; {/ ~; Q! d( _parts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the
8 J) c( c' ]5 ?! ?* I6 wbest and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few
0 P" y8 G5 k- P( Y% ~, onice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of
! ]# \' ~5 u% D0 Fcar license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it
! a! p& Z2 w; L. L6 d' Lis a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.
6 i! S& v! ?6 n% ~ We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.